See stъpica on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stъpica meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "стъпица",
"3": "спица"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: стъпица (stŭpica), спица (spica)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "XII cent."
},
"expansion": "(XII cent.)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: стъпица (stŭpica), спица (spica) (XII cent.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "спі́ца"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: спі́ца (spíca)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: спі́ца (spíca)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "спи́ца",
"3": "шпи́ца"
},
"expansion": "Russian: спи́ца (spíca), шпи́ца (špíca)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: спи́ца (spíca), шпи́ца (špíca)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "спи́ця"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: спи́ця (spýcja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: спи́ця (spýcja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "спи́ца"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: спи́ца (spíca)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: спи́ца (spíca)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "спица"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: спица (spica)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: спица (spica)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "спи̏ца",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: спи̏ца",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: спи̏ца, жби̏ца"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "спи̏ца",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: спи̏ца",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: спи̏ца, žbȉca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "špíca",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: špíca",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "špíca",
"2": "žbíca"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: špíca, žbíca (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: špíca, žbíca (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "stpicě"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: stpicě",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: stpicě"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "špice"
},
"expansion": "Czech: špice",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: špice"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "stpica"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: stpica",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: stpica"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "szpica"
},
"expansion": "Polish: szpica",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: szpica"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sрiса"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: sрiса",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: sрiса"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "stpica",
"3": "stwica"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: stpica, stwica",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: stpica, stwica"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shpicë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: shpicë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: shpicë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "spiță",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: spiță",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: spiță"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stups",
"3": "",
"4": "broom"
},
"expansion": "Latvian stups (“broom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stū̃pas",
"3": "",
"4": "stem, stick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stū̃pas (“stem, stick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*stúpas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *stúpas",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ica"
},
"expansion": "*-ica",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сто́пка",
"3": "",
"4": "wooden pin"
},
"expansion": "Russian сто́пка (stópka, “wooden pin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στύπος",
"3": "",
"4": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στύπος (stúpos, “stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stúfr",
"3": "",
"4": "stump"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stúfr (“stump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to prick, to stamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to prick, to stamp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Spitze",
"3": "",
"4": "tip, skewer"
},
"expansion": "German Spitze (“tip, skewer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "spíkr",
"3": "",
"4": "spike"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse spíkr (“spike”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Per Iljinsky, Uhlenbeck (favoured by Vasmer, Snoj): related to Latvian stups (“broom”), Lithuanian stū̃pas (“stem, stick”) (< stùplas (“rigid, stiff”)), presumably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stúpas + *-ica. Vasmer further correlates dialectal Russian сто́пка (stópka, “wooden pin”) (< *stъpъka). If correct, probably cognate with Ancient Greek στύπος (stúpos, “stem”), Old Norse stúfr (“stump”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to prick, to stamp”).\nSome of the descendants have been influenced/merged with closely sounding Germanic borrowings (cf. German Spitze (“tip, skewer”), Speiche (“spoke”); Old Norse spíkr (“spike”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stъpìca",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcāmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcējǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcāmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcāsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stъpìca",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stъpica",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ica",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spoke of wheel"
],
"id": "en-stъpica-sla-pro-noun-wcznHwED",
"links": [
[
"spoke",
"spoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"needle, pin"
],
"id": "en-stъpica-sla-pro-noun-bM9TImgZ",
"links": [
[
"needle",
"needle"
],
[
"pin",
"pin"
]
],
"qualifier": "secondary",
"raw_glosses": [
"(secondary) needle, pin"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "stъpica"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ica",
"sla-pro:Fasteners"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "стъпица",
"3": "спица"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: стъпица (stŭpica), спица (spica)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "XII cent."
},
"expansion": "(XII cent.)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: стъпица (stŭpica), спица (spica) (XII cent.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "спі́ца"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: спі́ца (spíca)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: спі́ца (spíca)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "спи́ца",
"3": "шпи́ца"
},
"expansion": "Russian: спи́ца (spíca), шпи́ца (špíca)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: спи́ца (spíca), шпи́ца (špíca)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "спи́ця"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: спи́ця (spýcja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: спи́ця (spýcja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "спи́ца"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: спи́ца (spíca)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: спи́ца (spíca)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "спица"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: спица (spica)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: спица (spica)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "спи̏ца",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: спи̏ца",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: спи̏ца, жби̏ца"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "спи̏ца",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: спи̏ца",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: спи̏ца, žbȉca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "špíca",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: špíca",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "špíca",
"2": "žbíca"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: špíca, žbíca (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: špíca, žbíca (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "stpicě"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: stpicě",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: stpicě"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "špice"
},
"expansion": "Czech: špice",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: špice"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "stpica"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: stpica",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: stpica"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "szpica"
},
"expansion": "Polish: szpica",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: szpica"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sрiса"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: sрiса",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: sрiса"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "stpica",
"3": "stwica"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: stpica, stwica",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: stpica, stwica"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shpicë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: shpicë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: shpicë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "spiță",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: spiță",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: spiță"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stups",
"3": "",
"4": "broom"
},
"expansion": "Latvian stups (“broom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stū̃pas",
"3": "",
"4": "stem, stick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stū̃pas (“stem, stick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*stúpas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *stúpas",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ica"
},
"expansion": "*-ica",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сто́пка",
"3": "",
"4": "wooden pin"
},
"expansion": "Russian сто́пка (stópka, “wooden pin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στύπος",
"3": "",
"4": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στύπος (stúpos, “stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stúfr",
"3": "",
"4": "stump"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stúfr (“stump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to prick, to stamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to prick, to stamp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Spitze",
"3": "",
"4": "tip, skewer"
},
"expansion": "German Spitze (“tip, skewer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "spíkr",
"3": "",
"4": "spike"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse spíkr (“spike”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Per Iljinsky, Uhlenbeck (favoured by Vasmer, Snoj): related to Latvian stups (“broom”), Lithuanian stū̃pas (“stem, stick”) (< stùplas (“rigid, stiff”)), presumably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stúpas + *-ica. Vasmer further correlates dialectal Russian сто́пка (stópka, “wooden pin”) (< *stъpъka). If correct, probably cognate with Ancient Greek στύπος (stúpos, “stem”), Old Norse stúfr (“stump”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to prick, to stamp”).\nSome of the descendants have been influenced/merged with closely sounding Germanic borrowings (cf. German Spitze (“tip, skewer”), Speiche (“spoke”); Old Norse spíkr (“spike”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stъpìca",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcāmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcējǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcāmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcāsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stъpìcę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stъpìca",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stъpica",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spoke of wheel"
],
"links": [
[
"spoke",
"spoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"needle, pin"
],
"links": [
[
"needle",
"needle"
],
[
"pin",
"pin"
]
],
"qualifier": "secondary",
"raw_glosses": [
"(secondary) needle, pin"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "stъpica"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.